D E *J 
,0 c- 



fr f JiN OUTLINE OF GREEK 
*AND ROMAN HISTORY 

WITH ORIENTAL INTRODUCTION 



BY 

S. PERCY R. CHADWICK, A.M. 



AN OUTLINE OF 
ANCIENT HISTORY 



THE RESULT 
OF CLASS ROOM WORK 



BY 

S; PERCY R. CHAD WICK, A.M. 

INSTRUCTOR IN HISTORY IN 
THE PHILLIPS EXETER ACADEMY 



FOURTH EDITION 



EXETER, N. H. 
1922 



■V 



ABBREVIATIONS 

G., Goodspeed, " History cf the Ancient World," reference being 
to the section. 

Bury refers to Bury's "History of Greece" (one volume edition). 

Fowler refers to Fowler's "Rome" (Home University Library). 

Jones refers to Jones's "Roman Empire" (Putnam's). 

The outline map references are to the "Ivanhoe Historical Note 
Book Series" (Ancient History). The map work is based on 
Sanborn's "Classical Atlas " abbreviated as S. See also 
Rothert, "Karten und Skizzen." 



Copyright, 1922 
By S. Percy R. Chad wick, A. M. 

® C1A658813 

MAR 24 r E2 



THE EARLY EASTERN CIVILIZATIONS 



1. The Land and the People. — The Nile and Tigris-Eu- 
phrates valleys. Inundations. Egypt. Syria. Mesopotamia. 
Hamites, Semites, Indo-Europeans or Aryans. Semitic peoples: 
original home. Egyptians a mixed race. Surrounding peoples: 
Elamites, Hittites, Medo-Persians. G. i-5a. 

2. Beginnings of Egypt. — Nomes; Upper and Lower Egypt; 
Pharaoh Menes; dynasties. G. 6-7. 

3. Old Kingdom (Memphis), 2980-2475 B. C, Menes; 
fourth dynasty highest prosperity; pyramids (Khufu); central- 
ized government. Collapse of Memphis, rise of Thebes. G. 7, 31. 

4. Middle Kingdom (Thebes), 2160-1788 B. C, twelfth 
dynasty greatest; contact with other peoples (Crete); Ethiopia 
subdued; internal improvements ; feudalism developed. G. 8-9. 
With the end of the twelfth dynasty (17SS) came confusion and 
civil war. Invasion of the Hyksos, who ruled from (about) 1675 
to 1575 when expelled b\ native Theban princes. G. 35-36. 

5. Beginnings of Babylon. — City-kingdoms strove for su- 
premacy: at first the Sumerians dominated; later the rule of 
Agade (Sargon I), capital of the land of Accad; again about 
2300 Sumerians ruled (Ur). Nippur. Kings of Babylon formed 
a strong union. G. 10-14. Plate III, p. 539. 

6. First Babylonian Empire especially Hammurabi (about 
1950) ; his law code; extent of the first empire in history. G. 15, 
map p. 60. TheKassite invasion. Commerce. G. 16. Decline 
and fall of the empire about 1600 B. C. G. 16-17. 

7. Egyptian and Babylonian Culture. — Occupations: import- 
ance of agriculture; industries; Babylonian brickmaking; com- 
merce. G. 18-20. Organization of society: king; nobility 



4 



AN OUTLINE Or GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



(feudalism); priests; common people; slaves; merchants. G. 21- 
23. Law the basis of society. G. 24. The family bond. G. 25. 
Literature: hieroglyphic (Rosetta stone) and cuneiform writing 
(Behistun inscription); scribes; poetry; lack of historical litera- 
ture. G. 26-29. Plate VII, p. 541. Manner of daily life. G. 30. 
Plate IV. p. 539. Plate V, p. 540. Architecture: materials: 
temples, palaces, pyramids. G. 31. Sculpture: conventional 
but impressive. G. 32. Plate VI, p. 540. Sciences: astronomy 
and the calendar; mathematics and mechanics; medicine. G. 33. 
Religion: constant presence of spirits: nature worship: Baby- 
lonian and Egyptian deities; priests; animal worship; belief in 
the future life and results. G. 34. Contributions of Egyptians 
and Babylonians to civilization. 

8. New Egyptian Empire Thebes , 1580-1150 B. C. — The 
Conquering Eighteenth Dynasty: the Theban princes expel the 
Hyksos; conquests of Thutmose III Egypt the second empire in 
history ; Ikhnaton; Egyptian monuments in Crete and Mycenae. 
G. 36-39, map p. 60. Nineteenth Dynasty : Seti I and Ramses II ; 
wars with the Hittites; Ramses II a great builder; decline of the 
empire. G. 39. Organization of the empire: results of conquests: 
Karnak and Luxor temples; governors, tribute, colonies; Tel-el- 
Amarna Letters: elements of weakness. G. 40-43. Chief politi- 
cal elements: the king, the mercenaries, the priests. G. 44-45. 

9. Later History of Egypt. — Rule of the priests, of che sol- 
diers. Assyrian conquest (670 B. C). Restcraticn with capital 
at Sais : Psammeticus I and Amasis ; Milesian colony of Naucratis. 
Persian conquest under Cambyses (525 B. C.). Conquest by 
Alexander (332 B. C). The Ptolemies rule at Alexandria. A 
Roman province (30 B. C.). G. 46. Egypt incapable of progress. 



ic. Syrian Peoples: Phoenicians, Philistines, Israelites, Ara- 
means. Influx of immigrations: Ararneans, Chaldeans. G. 4S- 
49. Phoenicia: physical features; political conditions; com- 
mercial supremacy of Tyre; colonial empire: trade routes. 



G. 47- 




AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



5 



G. 50-52. Transmitters of civilization (alphabet). G. 53. The 
Philistines: origin; expansion; conflicts with Israelites. G. 54. 
The Israelites: early wanderings; Moses and the Ten Com- 
mandments; a theocracy. G. 55. Kingdom of Israel under Saul, 
David, and Solomon about (1050-925 B. C). G. 56-58. Divided 
kingdom; Samaria captured, 722; Assyrian captivity; Jerusalem 
captured, 586; Babylonian captivity. G. 59, 66-67, 73. The 
prophets. G. 61. Religious contribution: monotheism; The 
Commandments. The Arameans: origin; kingdom at Damas- 
cus; Assyrian conquest. G. 60-61. 

11. Assyrian Empire. Conquests in Mesopotamia, Armenia, 
Syria. G. 62-63. Tiglathpilezer III, 745-727 B. C, conquers 
Babylon and makes Assyria first power of the ancient world. 
Later occupation of Egypt and of the north; extenc of the empire; 
Nineveh. G. 64, map p. 60. The other great rulers, 722-626 : 
Sargon (wars with Israel and Hittites) ; Sennacherib (wars with 
Babylon and Judah); Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal (rebellions 
fearfully punished) . G. 65-68. Plate XXV, p. 547. Contribu- 
tions: provincial government (deportation); architecture and 
art (palaces, sculpture with brilliant colors) ; libraries. G. 65, 
69-70. Plate VIII, p. 541. Sudden fall of Assyria and destruc- 
tion of Nineveh (606 B. C). G. 71, Plate II, p. 538. 

12. The Median, New Babylonian (Chaldean), and Lydian 
Empires. — The Medes: origin; helped in the overthrow of 
Nineveh (606 B. C.) ; later withdrew to northern part of Assyrian 
kingdom as far west as the Halys River, and to the south they 
subdued Persia; short-lived empire overthrown by Cyrus. 
G. 72, 74. 

New Babylonian Empire (Nebuchadrezzar) 605-562 B. C: 

victory of the Chaldeans; Jerusalem destroyed; Babylon beauti- 
fied; overthrown by Persia (539 B. C). G. 73, 76. 

Kingdom of Lydia: arose from a mixture of races; dynasty of 
Gyges; money coinage; extent under Croesus; conquest by 
Persia (546 B. C). G. 75. 



6 



AX OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



13. The Persians. — The land and people. Capitals: Ecba- 
tana, Susa, Persepolis. G. 77-7S. Cyrus, king of Persia, revolted 
from Media (550 B. C.) and changed the Median empire into 
the Persian. G. 79. Cambyses added Egypt. G. So. Darius I, 
521-485 B. C: organization of the empire; officials; taxes; 
roads; conquest of Scythians; attempt to conquer Greece; wide 
extent of territory. G. Si, 84, map p. 60. Culture: religion; 
loss of vigor; debt to foreigners. G. S2-S3. 

14. Review of Oriental Background. 

a. Geography, outline map. 3. 

b. Summary and comparison; the blending of the civiliza- 
tions. 

c. Reading. Breasted, "Ancient Times." 

(1) Egypt. ^68-76, 91-96, 112-114. 

(2) Babylonia, H145-165. 

(3) The Hebrews, If 293-305, 311-317. 

(4) Assyria, c '212-232. 

(5) The Chaldean Empire, ^233-241. 

(6) The Persian Empire, ^264-288. 



GREEK HISTORY 



I. INTRODUCTION 

i. The Land and the People. 

a. Physical features; the people. G. 85-89, map p. 66. 

b. The divisions of Greek history. G. 89a. 

c. Outline map of the rivers, mountains, and districts of 

Greece, 17. 

II. EARLY GREECE, X-700 B. C. 

1. Remains of a Pre-historic ^Egean Civilization, 5000- 
1000 B. C. 

a. The earliest age. G. 90. 

b. The Cretan civilization. 

(1) Relations with Egypt. G. 91. 

(2) Relations with the Greeks: the first Greek mi- 
gration. G. 92. 

(3) The three periods. G. 93. 

(4) Culture and government: pottery; palace at 
Cnossus; society and government. G. 94-96. 
Plates IX, X, XI, XII, XV, pp. 542-543. 

c. The Mycenaean world, 1 500-1 150 B. C. 

(1 ) Extent : chief centres of civilization ; commercial 
activity. G. 97, map p. 77. 

(2) The city kingdom of Mycenae; political and 
economic organization. G. 98. 

(3) The degree of culture as revealed by the dis- 
coveries of Dr. Schliemann; early religion. 
G. 98-100. Plates XIII, XIV, p. 543. 

(4) Decline. G. 101. 

d. The second Greek migration (Dorian): causes and 

results. G. 102-103. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 

The Epic Age, 1000-700 B, C. 

a. Readjustments after the Dorian migration. G. 104. 

b. Social and political units: family, phratry, tribe. 

Growth of the clan (nobles). G. 105-106. 

c. Government: king, council of chiefs, assembly; rule of 

the nobles begins to replace that of the king. G. 105- 
106. 

d. The Homeric epics : the minstrels; " Iliad, " "Odyssey " ; 

question of authorship ; historical value. G. 109- 1 1 1 . 
(1) Source study on early Greek society as described 
in the Homeric poems. 
• e. Geography: Greece, about 700 B. C. Outline map 9. 

Greek Institutions. 

a. t Origin and development of the city-state (polis): its 

walls; area outside walls; unification of Attica. 
G. 107. 

b. Growth of commerce. G. 108. 

c. Religion: nature and ancestor worship; chief deities; 

conception of the future life; separation of religion 
and morality. G. 100, 112. 

d. The great age of colonization, (about) 750-550 B. C.: 

character and causes; method of organization ; wide 
extent; the colonies one in civilization. G. 113-116. 
map p. 89. 

(1) Contact with the Orient. G. 117. 

(2) Geography: the parent cities and their colonies. 
Outline map 1 1 . 

Institutions Tending toward Greek Unity. 

a. Common literature, ancestry, religion, leagues, and 
games. 

(1) Literature. 

(a) The epic poems. G. 118, 128. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



9 



(b) Hesiod: a unifying power ; contrast with 
Homer. G. 119, 133. 

(2) Belief in common ancestry. G. 120. 

(3) Myths pointing to an early connection with 

other lands. 

(a) Egypt and Argos. G. 121. 

(b) Athens and Crete. G. 122. 

(c) Phoenicia and Thebes. G. 123. 

(d) Lydia and the Peloponnese. G. 124. 

(4) Heroic myths. 

(a) Heracles. G. 125-126. 

(b) The Argonauts. G. 127. 

(5) Religious institutions. 

(a) Leagues: origin; Delphian, Delian, 
Bceotian amphictyonies ; the Delphian 
oracle and council; " Delphic utterance. " 
G. 128. 

(b) The great national games and their in- 
fluence; Olympian ("Olympiad "), Nemean, 
Isthmian, Pythian; the contests and the 
contestants G. 128. 

(c) Additional reading. Games and oracles: 
Bury, pp. 139-144; iS7-i6i. 

5. Cultural Development. 

a. Coined money; art of writing. G. 129. 

b. Lyric Age, 700-500 B. C: definition of lyric poetry; 

Archilochus of Paros, Sappho of Lesbos, Pindar of 
Thebes. G. 130, 179. 

c. Philosophy: the search for origins; Thales, Anaximenes, 

Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Xenophanes; the "Seven 
Wise Men." G. 131-133. 
a. Religion: changes in beliefs; devotion to Dionysus and 
Demeter; Eleusinian mysteries. G. 112, 134, 207. 



10 AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 

III RISE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT 
IN THE GREEK STATES, 700-500 B. C. 

1. Character or The Constitutional Changes, (about) 

750-500 B. C. 

a. From monarchies to oligarchies (aristocracies). G. 106, 

b. Decline of aristocracies. Appearance of the lawgivers : 

Zaleucus of Locri, Lycurgus of Sparta, Solon of 
Athens. G. 135-136. 

c. The Greek tyrant: defined; benefits and evils of the 

tyrannies. G. 137. 

(1) Thrasybulus of Miletus. G. 138. 

(2) The Cypselidae of Corinth : Cypselus ; Periander. 

G. 138-139. 

(3) Cleisthenes of Sicyon (G. 139), Theagenes of 

Megara. G. 157. 

(4) The Pisistratid tyranny at Athens. G. 160. 

d. From tyrannies to timocracies, later to democracies. 

G. 140. 

2. Sparta and the Peloponnese, x-500 B.C. 

a. Early Sparta : origin; conquest of Laconia and Messenia 

(Messenian wars) ; relations with Pheidon of Argos. 
G. 141-142, 145-146. 

b. Spartan social institutions : myth of Lycurgus; purpose; 

" laconic " ; military training (syssitia); position of 
women; helots, periceci, Spartans; the Dorian pha- 
lanx. G. 143-144, I47-I5 1 - 

c. Spartan government: the two kings; gerusia, apella, 

ephors; cessation of all interests except military. 
G. 152-153- 

(1) Outline of the Spartan constitution. 

d. The Peloponnesian League : origin ; organization ; extent. 

G. 154. 

e. Additional reading. Early Sparta: Bury, pp. 120-129. 



an outline of greek and roman history 11 

3. Early Athens: Constitutional Changes through the 
Reforms of Cleisthenes, (about) 750-500 B. C. 

a. Physical features; political unification of Attica and 

Laconia contrasted. G. 107, 155. 

b. Period of the Eupatrids, (about) 750-650 B. C: the 

Codrus myth; gradual weakening of the king's 
power; supreme power of such families as theMedon- 
tidae and Alcmreonidae ; the nine archons. G. 156. 

(1) ' The councils (the Areopagus) and the assembly. 

G. 156. 

(2) Military organization: divisions of the army. 

G. 156. 

c. Period of the timocracy of the heavy-armed, (about) 

650-594 B. C. 

(1) The heavy-armed secure partial recognition; 

the conspiracy of Cylon. G. 157. 
(a) Civil strife: Plain, Hills, Shore. 

(2) The codifications of Draco, (about) 624 B. C: 

causes; why a triumph for the demos. 
G. 157. 

(3) Development of industries and trade. G. 158. 

d. The work of Solon, 594 B.C. 

(1) The man and the lawgiver. G. 158. 

(2) Economic condition of Attica; economic reforms. 

G.159. 

(3) Political reforms. G. 159. 

(4) Value of his reforms. G. 159. 

(5) An outline of the Athenian constitution as re- 

formed by Solon. 

e. Pisistratid tyranny, 560-510 B. C: origin, career of 

Pisistratus, of Hippias, of Hipparchus; domestic 
policy; foreign policy; beginning of the drama 
(Thespis). G. 160-161. 
/. The democratic reforms of Cleisthenes, 508 B.C. 
(1) Preliminary events. G. 161. 



12 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



( 2 ) Constitutional changes : tribes and denies ; citizen- 

ship increased; changes in the councils; the 
generals; ostracism. G. 161. 

(3) Results. G. 162. 

(4) An outline of the Athenian constitution as re- 

formed by Cleisthenes. 
g. Summary of the period. G. 163. 

IV. THE CONFLICT WITH LYDIA AND WITH PERSIA, 
500-479 B. C. 

1. The Lydian Kingdom under Croesus, 560-546 B. C. 

a. Extent and character : conquest of Asiatic Greeks; fall 
of the kingdom. G. 75. 

2. The Persian Rule. 

a. Cyrus and Cambyses : rise and extent of Persian empire ; 

conquest of Lydia and Asiatic Greeks; addition of 
Egypt. G. 79-80. 

b. Darius I. 

(1) Organization of Persian kingdom. G. 81. 

(2) The Scythian expedition and the Asiatic Greek 

tyrants; causes of Ionic revolt; character of 
the Ionians. G. 84, 164-165. 

(3) Ionic Revolt, 499-494 B.C.: Aristagoras, Sardis, 

Ephesus, Lade, Miletus; results. G. 165. 

3. The Persian Invasions or Europe. 

a. Condition of the Greeks. G. 164. 

b. Expedition under Mardonius, 492 B. C. G. 165. 

c. Expedition under Datis and Artaphernes, 490 B. C: 

"earth and water"; Eretria; appeal to Sparta; Mar- 
athon (tactics and significance). G. 165-166. 
(1) Expedition of Miltiades to Paros. G. 167. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



13 



d. The interval between Marathon and Thermopylae. 

(1) Political strife and constitutional changes at 

Athens: Aristides and Themistocles ; naval 
policy of Themistocles. G. 167-168. 

(2) Preparations for war by Greeks and by Persians; 

Congress of Corinth. G. 169-170. 

e. Invasion under Xerxes, 480 B.C. 

(1) Possible plans of defense. G. 170. 

(2) Tempe, Thermopylae, Artemisium. G. 171-172. 

(3) Medizing states; Athenians withdraw from 

Athens. G. 173. 

(4) Salamis (strategy of Themistocles). G. 173- 

174. 

(5) Campaign of Xerxes : source study in Herodotus. 

Bury, pp. 265-296. 
/. The winter of 480-479 B. C. G. 175. 

g. Campaign of 479 B. C. : Plataea; Mycale. G. 175-176. 

((1) Political. G. 178, 180-181. 

h. Results. G. 177. < (2) Literary: Aeschylus and the 

(drama. G. 179. Plate XVI, p. 544. 

i. Geography: the Persian Wars, outline map 19. 

V. THE LEADERSHIP OF ATHENS, 479-431 B. C. 

1. The Beginnings oe the Athenian Empire, 479-461 B. C. 

a. Rebuilding and fortification of Athens; Long Walls 

(458 B. C). G. 184. 

b. Origin and organization of the Delian Confederacy. 

G. 182-183. 

c. Careers of Aristides, of Pausanias, of Themistocles. 

G. 182, 187. 

d. Period of Cimon's influence, 471-461 B. C. 

(1) Transition from Confederacy to Empire ; revolts 

of Naxos and Thasos. G. 185-186. 

(2) Eurymedon, 466 B. C. G. 187. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



(3) Policy of Cimon: rupture between Athens and 
Sparta; constitutional changes at Athens (462 
B. C); opposition of Ephialtes and Pericles; 
ostracism of Cimon; growth of democracy. 
G. 187-189. 

Age oe Pericles (Triumph of the Popular Party), 461- 
431 B.C. 

Characteristics of Imperial Athens. 

a. Government. 

(1) The Periclean democracy and its progress since 

Solon; parties and party leaders since the Per- 
sian wars; policy of Pericles. G. 196. 

(2) The Council of Five Hundred; administrative 

committees. G. 190- 191. 

(3) The ecclesia: powers of a citizen. G. 192. 

(4) Popular Supreme Court: dicasteries; state pay 

and state contributions. G. 193-194. 

(5) The generals as "leaders of the people. " G. 195. 

b. Material resources; the metics; slavery. G. 197-201, 

210. 

c. Athenian art. 

(1) Aim of Pericles: the Acropolis; Pheidias. G. 205. 

(2) Topography of Athens: outline map 23. G. 

map p. 147. 

(3) The temple; the orders of Greek architecture. 

(4) The Parthenon. G. 205, Plate I, p. 538. 

(5) Other buildings : Propylaea, Temple of Wingless 

Victory, Athena the Defender, Erechtheum, Ode- 
um, Theatre of Dionysus, Theseum. Bury pp. 
367-376. G. Plate XVII, p. 544, Plate XVIII, 
P- 545- 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 15 

d. Religious Athens expressed m 

(1) Art. 

(2) Festivals: Dionysia, Eleusinian mysteries, Pana- 

thenaea. G. 206-207. 

e. Intellectual Athens. 

(1) History: Herodotus. G. 208. 

(2) Drama: origin and development; Sophocles; the 

theater and its function. G. 206. 

(3) Philosophy: Anaxagoras. G. 225. 

(4) The family; education and culture. G. 202- 

204, 209. 

3. Foreign Policy in the Age of Pericles, 461-431 B. C. 

a. Relations with other Greek cities: Argos, Thessaly, 

Megara, Aegina, helots at Naupactus. G. 211. 

b. Land League attempted by Athens, 459-445 B. C. 

(1) Tanagra (recall of Cimon), 457 B. C. G. 211. 

(2) (Enophyta (457 B. C): brief Athenian land 

supremacy; extent of Athenian power. G. 211, 
map p. 171. 

(3) Geography: outline map 3 1 . 

(4) The Five Years Truce (450 B. C.); failure of 

the Land League; The Thirty Years Truce 
(445 B.C.). G. 211. 

c. War with Perisa: continued attack upon Persian 

possessions in Cyprus, Phoenicia, and Egypt; failure 
of the Egyptian expedition (455 B. C); death of 
Cimon; peace of Callias (448 B. C). G. 212. 

d. Organization of the Athenian Empire. 

(1) Transfer of treasury to Athens: defeat of the 

conservatives. G. 213. 

(2) Administrative districts; cleruchi; the Samian 

revolt. G. 213, map p. 180. 

(3) Wide extent of influence. G. 214. 

(4) Strength and weakness of the empire. 

(5) Pericles: his place in history; Aspasia; opposi- 

tion to Pericles. Bury, pp. 346-352, 363-367- 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



VI. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, 431-404 B. C. 

The Prelude. 

a. The general and the immediate causes. G. 215. 

b. Congress at Sparta: demands made of Athens ; war de- 

clared. G. 215-216. 

c. Allies and resources of Athens and Sparta compared. 

G. 217. map p. 1S0. 

The Arched aman War. 451-421 B. C. 

a. Repeated invasions of Attica: attack on Platsa (429 

B. C). G. 218. 

b. Plague at Athens: death of Pericles; rise of Cleon and 

Xicias ('429 B. C). G. 21S. 

c. The year 427 B. C: revolt of Lesbos; surrender of 

Plataea. G. 219. 

d. Athens on the offensive, 426-425 B. C: Demosthenes 

at Pylos (Sphacteria) ; war (Cleon) and peace (Nicias) 

party at Athens; peace proposals. G. 220. 
e Delium '424 B. C); Brasidas and the Chalcidice 

(424-422 B.C. 1 . G. 221. 
/. Peace of Xicias 42 1 B . C . : its failure ; rise of Alcibiades. 

G. 222, 230. 

The Period or the Sicilian Expedition. 

a. Temporary union between Sparta and Athens. G. 231. 

b. Alcibiades urges hostility to Sparta : Athens, Argos, Elis, 

Mantinea vs. Sparta ; battle of Mantinea (418 B.C.). 
G. 231. 

c. Fall of Melos. (416 B. C). G. 232. 
d The Sicilian expedition. 415-415 B. C. 

(1) Preliminary events: ambition of Athens for a 
western empire ; appeal of Segesta ; debate in 
Ecdesia; preparations; mutilation of the 
Hermes; departure. G. 232. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



17 



(2) The expedition: divided command; recall of Al- 

cibiades ; operations about Syracuse (Lamachus, 
Gylippus, Demosthenes) ; retreat and ruin ; re- 
sults. G. 233-235. Source study: Thucydides. 

(3) Spartans seize Decelea. G. 236. 

The Decelean War, 413-404 B. C. 

a. Sparta and Persia vs. Athens (412 B. C.); Chians and 

other Athenian allies revolt; efforts of Athens. 
G. 237-238. 

b. Intrigues of Alcibiades. G. 239. 

c. Rise and fall of The Four Hundred, 411 B. C.: the 

oligarchic constitutions; democracy restored. G. 239. 

d. Restoration of Alcibiades: Cyzicus (410 B. C.) ; elected 

strategos; Notium (407 B. C.) causes his retirement. 
G. 240. 

e. Cyrus and Lysander combine against Athens. 

(1) Arginusas, 406 B. C.; condemnation of Athenian 

generals. G. 240. 

(2) ^Egospotami (405 B. C.): surrender of Athens. 

G. 240, 244. 

f. Results of the war; character of Lysander. G. 241-243. 

g. The events of the war: outline map 27. 

The New Learning (about) 450-400 B. C. 

a. Definition; the sophists. G. 223, 225-226. 

b. The drama. 

(1) Aristophanes. G. 224. 

(2) Euripides. G. 228. 

c. History: Thucydides; contrast with Herodotus. G. 227. 

d. Philosophy: Socrates. G. 229, 265. 

e. Effects. 



18 AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



VII STRIFE AMONG THE GREEK STATES, 404-371 B. C. 

1. Supremacy oe Sparta, 404-371 B. C. 

a. Character of the Spartan rule: Lysander and the dec- 

archies. G. 245-246, 248, 250. 

b. Rule of the Thirty at Athens, 404-403 B. C: Critias 

andTheramenes; reign of terror; Phyle; liberation un- 
der Thrasybul us; democracy restored. G. 247. 

c. Decline of Lysander; rise of King Agesilaus; internal 

condition of Sparta. G. 250-251, 253. 

d. Revolt of Cyrus the Younger, 401 B. C: Cunaxa; re- 

treat of the Ten Thousand (Xenophon); results. 
G. 251-252. 

e. Sparta at war. 

(1) War with Persia, 400-395 B. C: cause; cam- 

paign of Agesilaus; war with Persia merged with 
the 

(2) Corinthian War, 395-387 B.C.: Thebes, Athens, 

Corinth, Argos, Persia vs. Sparta; cause; Hali- 
artus (death of Lysander); Agesilaus recalled; 
Coronea; Cnidus; Conon expels harmosts in 
Aegean and rebuilds Long Walls; military 
triumph of Iphicrates; Peace of Antalcidas or 
"King's Peace" (387 B. C). G. 253-255. 

(3) Coercive policy of Sparta: destruction of Chal- 

cidic League; seizure of the Cadmeia; attempt 
upon the Piraeus. G. 256. 

(4) Alliance between Thebes and Athens; liberation 

of Thebes in 379 B. C. (Epaminondas and Pe- 
lopidas); Second Athenian Maritime Confed- 
eracy; Jason of Pherae; Athens and Thebes 
estranged; Hellenic Peace Convention (371 
B. C.) G. 257-258, 260. 

(5) Battle of Leuctra, 371 B. C: tactics; signifi- 

cance. G. 258. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



19 



2. Attempted Leadership of Thebes, 371-362 B. C. 

a. Relations with Thessaly and Macedon (Pelopidas, 

Philip); Theban navy. G. 259. 

b. Campaigns of Epaminondas (character) in the Pelopon- 

nese: Megalopolis aided; Sparta threatened; Mes- 
sene aided; attitude of Athens. G. 259. 

c. Battle of Mantinea. G. 259. 

d. Weakness of Thebes. 

3. Decline of the City-State. 

a. End of the Second Athenian Empire (Social War). 

G. 260. 

b. Aggressions of Philip of Macedon in the Chalcidice. 

G. 260. 

c. An age of transition. G. 261-263. 

4. Culture in the Fourth Century. 

a. Changes since the fifth century. 

b. Art: architecture; Scopas, Lysippus, Praxiteles. G. 

264, Plate XIX, p. 545. 

c. Literature. 

(1) History: Xenophon. G. 265. 

(2) Philosophy: Plato, Aristotle. G. 266, 298. 

(3) Oratory: Isocrates, Demosthenes. G. 267, 276. 

5. The Invasion of Macedon. 

a. Character of the period. G. 268. 

b. Macedon: the land and its people. G. 269. 

c. Philip II and the growth of his power to the Peace of 

Philocrates, 346 B. C. 

(1) Philip: early life; character and methods. 

G. 270-271, 274. 

(2) Philip's first conquests and his aggressions in the 

Chalcidice. G. 260. 



20 AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



(3) Creation of a national army. G. 271. 

(4) Athens busy with the Social War, 357-355 B. C. 

G. 272. 

(5) First Sacred War, 356-346 B. C. : cause; Pnilip at 

Thermopylae; opposition of Demosthenes 
("Philippics," "Olynthiacs"); ^Eschines leads 
Macedonian party in Athens; Athens loses the 
Chalcidice; Peace of Philocrates (346 B. C.); 
extent of Philip's power. G. 273-277. 

d. Philip becomes supreme, 346-336 B. C. 

(1) Final struggles between Philip and Demosthenes. 

G. 277/ 

(2) Second Sacred War: pretext; Chseronea (338 

B. C.) and its significance. G. 277-279. 

(3) Congress of Corinth (338 B. C.) establishes a 

Macedonian hegemony. G. 27S. 

(4) Death of Philip, 336 B. C. G. 280. 

e. Geography, 404-338 B. C, outline map 33. 

VIII. ALEXANDER AND THE PERSIANS, 336-323 B. C. 

1. Alexander the Great, 336-323 B. C. 

a. Early life and training ; opposition overthrown (Thebes) ; 

Congress at Corinth; Alexander's purpose. G. 280- 
282. 

b. Conquest of Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia: condition of 

Persia; Granicus (334 B.C.); conquest of Asia Minor 
and its treatment; Gordium ; Issus (333 B. C.) ; Tyre 
(332 B. C); Jerusalem; Alexandria; Arbela (331 B. 
C); the conquest of Babylonia and of the Persian 
capitals. G. 283-289. Plate XX, p. 546. 

c. Conquests in the East and Northeast, 330-327 B. C: 

pursuit and death of Darius; Bactria and Sogdiana; 
the fusion of the Greeks and the Persians; discon- 
tent of the nobles. G. 290-292. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 21 

d. The Indian campaign, 327-324 B. C: defeat of Porus 

at the Hydaspes; descent of the Indus; voyage of 
Nearchus in the Persian gulf; march through Ge- 
drosia; results. G. 293. 

e. Value of Alexander's work: early death (deification); 

character; creative genius; Aristotle; "merging of the 
East and West " ; founding of cities ; administrative 
reforms ; prepared the way for the later development 
of the ancient world. G. 294-300. Bury, pp. 738- 
836. 

/. Geography: conquests and empire of Alexander, outline 
map 37. 

IX. HELLENISTIC PERIOD, 323-146 B. C. 

1. The Struggle for Unity to Ipsus, 301 B. C. 

a. Lamian War, 323-322 B. C.: Antipater besieged in 

Lamia; Greeks defeated at Amorgos and Crannon; 
Athenian democracy overthrown and death of 
Demosthenes. G. 301. 

b. Failure of the three regencies, 323-316 B. C. G. 302. 

c. Strife among the diadochi, especially attempts of Anti- 

gonus and his son, Demetrius Poliorcetes, for sole 
monarchy, 315-301 B. C. 

(1) Murder of members of Alexander's family. 

G. 303. 

(2) Rivalry of Seleucus, Cassander, and Ptolemy; 

defeat of Demetrius Poliorcetes at Gaza (312 
B.C.). G. 303. 

(3) Second attempt of Antigonus, 307-301 B. C.: 

rule of Demetrius of Phalerum at Athens 
(Menander) ; failure of the attacks on Egypt 
and Rhodes. G. 303-305. 



22 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



« 

(4) Battle of Ipsus, 301 B. C; Lysimachus and 

Seleucus vs. Antigonus and Demetrius Polior- 
cetes; results. G. 305, map p. 234. 

(a) Seleucus received from the Indus River 
to central Asia Minor. 

(b) Lysimachus obtained western Asia Minor 
and Thrace. 

(c) Ptolemy retained Egypt. 

(d) Cassander was confirmed in Macedon. 

(5) Overthrow of Demetrius Poliorcetes. G. 305. 

(6) Geography: division of the empire, outline 

map 39. 

(7) Temporary advantage of Seleucus (Corupe- 

dion.) G. 306. 
d. The Celtic peril; Gauls settled in Galatia, 278 B. C. 
G. 307. 

2. Four Separate Hellenistic Monarchies. 

a. Egypt (The Ptolemies; capital, Alexandria). 

(1) Government: Ptolemy I, Ptolemy II (Phila- 

delphus) ; Alexandria and the sea power ; no 
attempt to Hellenize the natives ; bureaucratic 
system; industrial life. G. 309-311, 316. 

(2) Alexandrian culture: see under Hellenistic. 

b. The Seleucid Empire (The Seleucidae; capital at first 

Seleucia on the Tigris, later Antioch on the Orontes). 

(1) Extent and government; foundation of Hellenic 

cities. G. 319, map p. 234. 

(2) Religion: revolt of the Maccabees; spread of 

Oriental cults to Greek cities. G. 319. 

c. Pergamon (The Attalidae; capital, Pergamus). 

(1) Struggle of Attalus I with the Celts; temporary 
importance. G. 326. 
(2) Culture: rival of Alexandria; architecture and 
sculpture {Dying Gaul, Pergamon altar). G. 326. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



23 



d. Macedon and Greece. (Macedon under descendants of 

Demetrius Poliorcetes; capital, Pella.) 

(1) Struggle of Antigonus II for control of eastern 

Mediterranean, about 256-239 B. C: relations 
with Egypt and Rhodes. G. 308, 317-318. 

(2) The Achaean and Aetoliai? Leagues: origin and 

constitutions; growth of federal government; 
Aratus of Sicyon. G. 320-322. 

(3) Isolation of Sparta and Athens; reforms of 

Cleomenes of Sparta. G. 323, 325. 

(4) Macedonian intervention restores Macedonian 

supremacy at Sellasia, 222 B. C. G. 325. 

(5) Roman intervention: overthrow of Philip V and 

of Perseus; destruction of Corinth and begin- 
ning of Roman rule (146 B. C.). G. 327, 427, 
429, 433- 

e. Roman intervention in the East. 

(1) Antic chus III and Philip V prepare to divide 

Egypt between them. G. 327. 

(2) War with Antiochus III, 192-189 B. C.: Antio- 

chus resigns possessions in Aria Minor; Seleucid 
empire soon reduced to Syria. G. 428. 

3. Hellenistic Culture. (Chiefly Third Century). 

a. " Hellenistic" defined; centres of culture. G. 301. 

b. Literature of the "Alexandrian Age": Theocritus and 

Callimachus; New Comedy (Menander); literary 
criticism; development of the Greek language. G 304, 
312, 315- 

c. Scientific progress: the Museum; Erastothenes, Aris- 

tarchus, Archimedes, Euclid. G. 314, map p. 241. 

d. Art: realism. G. 313. 

(1 ) Laocoon Group, Pergamon frieze, Dying Gaul, etc. : 
bronzes of Lysippus. G. 313, 326, 264. Plate 
XXI, p. 546, XXII, XXIII, p. 547. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



e. Athenian philosophy: Zeno the Stoic, Epicurus. G. 324. 
j. Greek contributions to civilization. 

IX. WESTERN GREEKS 

The Carthaginian Invasion; The Tyrannies of Gelon 
and Hieron. 

a. The Carthagininan invasion of 480 B. C.: Xerxes in 

alliance with Carthage; battle of Himera and results. 
G. 170, 176. 

b. Tyrannies of Gelon and Hieron. 

(1) Arts of peace. G. 176. 

(2) Battle off Cumae (474 B. C). G. 176. 

c. Tyrannies replaced by republics in Sicily and Italy. 

G. 249. 

Italy and Sicily, 410-241 B. C. 

a. Carthaginian invasion of Sicily, 409-406 B.C. : cause and 

results. G. 249. 

b. Tyranny of Dionysius I, 405-367 B. C: marmer of 

obtaining; war with Carthage; extent of kingdom; 
nature of his rule; visit, of Plato. G. 249. 

c. Tyranny of Dionysius II, 367-356, 346-345 B. C: 

second visit of Plato; a period of disorder. G. 328. 

d. Timoleon, the Liberator of Syracuse, 345-337 B. C: 

Corinth sends Timoleon; victories ending with Crimi- 
sus River, (340 B. C); reorganization of Sicily; 
Timoleon resigns his power. G. 328. 

e. Magna Graecia: Archidamus of Sparta, Alexander and 

Pyrrhus of Epirus successively bring aid against the 

Italians; absorption of Tarentum by Rome. (272 

B.C.). G. 329, 331. 
/. Sicily: disorder after death of Timoleon. G. 330. 
g. Tyranny of Agathocles of Syracuse, 316-289 B. C: 

popular origin; great ability of Agathocles; struggles 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



25 



against Greek cities and Carthaginians; brilliant but 

unsuccessful invasion of Africa; able rule as king of 

Sicily. G. 330. 
Pyrrhus responds to an appeal from Syracuse (278 B. C.) 

against the Carthaginians: his successes followed by a 

Greek reaction against him. G. 331. 
Absorption of Sicily by Rome (241 B. C). G. 406. 



ROMAN HISTORY 



I. INTRODUCTION 

Relations with the East. 

a. The Phoenicians. G. 332. 

b. The Greeks. G. 332. 

The Land and the People.- 

a. Physiography of Italy: the different zones; position in 

the Mediterranean; the western coast; the highlands 
and the plains; mountains and rivers; Po valley; 
Scylla and Charybdis; volcanoes. G. 333, 335-337, 
map p. 278. 

b. The distribution of the earliest peoples; origin of Rome. 

G. 334, map p. 281, 338. 

c. Divisions of Roman history. G. 338a. 

II. REGAL ROME, i20o(?) 5oo(?) B. C. 

Physiography. 

a. Position and historical significance; draw the hills. 
G. 339-340, map p. 286. 

Beginnings op Rome. 

a. Probable origin. G. 341. 

'b. Traditional account of the first four kings: Romulus, 
Numa Pompilius. Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius. 
G. 343- 

c. Sources of early Roman history: nature; reasons for 

uncertainty; value of the legends. 

d. Government. 

(1) The people : patricians, plebeians, clients. G. 342. 

(2) The family (patiia potestas); gens, curia, tribe. 

G. 342. 

(3) The king (imperium), senate (patres), comitia 

cur lata. G. 342. 

e. Latin League: Alba Longa the head. G. 344. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



27 



3. The Etruscan Development. 

a. Territorial extent. G. 344. 

b. Absorption of eastern culture. G. 344. 

c. Traditional kings : Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, 

Tarquinius Superbus. G. 345. 

d. Political influence: expansion in Latium. G. 346. 

(1) Military reorganization attributed to Servius 
Tullius. G. 349-350. 

e. Religion: nature and ancestor worship; Etruscan in- 

fluence (omens) ; agricultural deities ; priesthoods ; 
formal character; political connection. G. 347-348. 

4. Rome Becomes an Aristocratic Republic. 

a. Probable process. G. 351. 

b. Traditional account. G. 352. 



1. External Events. 

a. Revolt of Latin League followed by an alliance with the 

League and the Hernicans. G. 354. 

b. Struggles with Etruscans ending with capture of Veii 

(396 B. C.); struggles with Sabines, /Equians, Vols- 
cians. G. 354-355. map p. 281. 

c. Legendary account of (a) (b). G. 356. 

2. Internal Events. 

a. Government: two consuls; dictator; magistcr cquitum : 



b. Traditional account of the patrician-plebeian struggles 
to the Licinian laws: lex Valeria; first secession; lex 
Publilia; the decemvirate; second secession; Valerio- 
Horatian laws; Canuleian law; consular tribunes: 
Licinian laws. G. 367-368. 



v 



/ 



III. THE EARLY REPUBLIC, 5oq(?)-390 B. C. 




28 AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



c. Constitutional development. 

(1) Power of the consuls decreased by the creation of 

new officials : two censors; two new quaestors; 
two plebeian and two curule aediles; removal of 
ambitious leaders. G. 357. 

(2) Plebeian gains. 

(a) The tribunate. G. 358-360. 

(b) The comitia tributa. G. 358-359. 

(c) Admission to the senate. G.361. 

(d) Army reorganization. G. 362. 

(e) Admission to the magistracies. G. 363. 
(/) Codification of the Law (XII tables). 

G. 364. 

(g) Lex Valeria (301 B. C). G. 365. 

(h) Secession of 287 B. C. (Hortensian Law). 
G. 366. 

d. Geography: early Latium and its neighbors, outline 

map 45. 

IV. CONQUEST AND ORGANIZATION OF ITALY, 390- 

264 B. C. 

1. The Wars. 

a. The Gallic invasion: legends; battle of the Allia (390 

B.C.); sack of Rome ; rebuilding of city. G. 369-370. 

b. Conquest of Etruria: beginning of municipal system. 

(Caere). G. 371. 

c. The Samnites : origin and organization ; First Samnite 

War. G. 372. 

d. The Latin War, 340-338 B. C: cause; Latin League 

dissolved; organization of Latium. G. 373. 

e. The Second Samnite War, 326-304 B.C.: relations with 

Neapolis; Caudine Forks (321 B.C.); Rome victorious 
after severe reverses; planting of Latin colonies; 
Via Appia. G. 374-375; Fowler, pp. 44-46. Cam- 
panian culture, Plate XXVI, p. 548. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 29 

/. The Third Samnite War, 298-290 B. C: a coalition 
against the Roman headship in central Italy; Sen- 
tinum (295 B. C); results. G. 376, 396 (fine print). 

g. War with Tarentum and Pyrrhus, 281-272 B. C: 
cause; career of Pyrrhus; Heraclea; mission of 
Cineas; Asculum; Beneventum; results; "Pyrrhic 
victory." G. 377. 

(1) Geography of the Samnite Wars, of the Latin 
War, of the Pyrrhic War, outline map 53. 

2. Organization of Italy in 264 B. C. 

a . Political changes and tendencies : the curule aristocracy ; 

the assemblies; the censorship of Appius Claudius 
(312 B. C); Hortensian Law (287 B. C); the power 
of the senate; the Ovinian law. G. 378-379. 

b. The sovereign state; the municipium. G. 380-381. 

c. The communities of various degrees of dependency. 

G. 382-383. 

d. Roman roads: construction and extent. G. 384. San- 

born, Classical Atlas, maps 18 and 23. 

e. The new military system. G. 385. 
/. Roman life in 264 B. C. G. 386. 

(1) Occupations. G. 387. 

(2) Money. G. 388, Plates XXVII, XXVIII, p. 548. 

(3) Private life: trie house; amusements; the family 

bond. G. 3S9-392. 

(4) Education and publiclife. G. 393-394. 

(5) Science; lack of literature. G. 395. 

(6) Moral and religious standards. G. 396. 

(7) Appius Claudius as a type. G. 397. 
g. Reading. 

(1) External events to 264 B. C. Fowler, cn. II. 

(2) Roman character. Fowler, cn. III. 



30 AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 

V. CONQUEST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN, 264-133 B. C. 

1. Rome's First War Outside of Italy ("The Struggle for 

Sicily"). 

a. The struggle unavoidable; the Mamertine appeal; 

Rome and Carthage contrasted. G. 398 403, map 
P- 343- 

b. The First Punic War, 264-241 B. C: Agrigentum; the 

new vessels and the battle at Mylae (260 B. C); in- 
vasion of Africa by Regulus (Ecnomus, 256 B. C); 
war in Sicily; Hamilcar; ^Egates Islands (241 B. C); 
results. G. 404-406. 

(1) Geography: the First Punic War, outline map 59. 

2. Interval between First and Second Punic Wars, 241- 

218 B. C. 

a Rome. 

(1) Organization of Sicily; seizure of Sardinia and 

Corsjca. G. 407, 424. 

(2) Extension of Italy to the Alps; the Illyrian War. 

G. 408. map p. 350. 
b Carthage. 

(1) The Mercenary War. G. 407. 

(2) The expansion of Carthage into Spain: Hamilcar; 

Hannibal; the occasion of war. G. 409. 

3. The Second Punic War, 218-201 B. C. 

a. Hannibal crosses the Alps and invades Italy: Ticinus 

andTrebia (218 B.C.) ; Trasimene (217 B.C.) ; Fabius 
(Fabian policy) "The Delayer"; Cannae (216 
B.C.). G. 409 410, map p. 343. 
(1) Results of Cannae; loyalty of the Latin colonies; 
innate strength of Roman character. G. 411. 

b. From Cannae to Metaurus, 216-207 B. C: "The Shield 

of Rome, " " the Sword of Rome " (Marcellus) ; Syra- 
cuse ; Capua, Tarentum recovered by Rome; victories 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



31 



of the Scipios in Spain; failure of Hasdrubal. G. 
411-412. 

c. "The war into Africa " : Publius Scipio Africanus; Zama 

(202 B. C); results of the war. G. 413. 

d. Geography. 

(1) The Second Punic War, outline map 59. 

(2) Roman territory in 201 B. C. G. p. 424. 

e. Reading. Fowler, ch. IV. Source study in Livy and 

Polybius. 

Senatorial Administration in 200 B. C. 

a. Growth of power of the senate. G. 414. 

(1) Composition. G. 415. 

(2) Relation to the magistrates and to the tribunate. 
G. 416-417. 

(3) Relation to the assemblies. G. 418. 

(4) Reasons for its power. G. 419. 

b. Procedure and functions of the senate. G. 420 421. 

c. Organization of the assemblies. G. 422. 

d. The publicans. G. 423. 

CONOUEST OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN. 

a. The political outlook in 200 B. C. G. 425-426. 

b. The First (215-205 B. C.) and the Second (200-197 B. C.) 

Macedonian Wars : causes; Cynoscephalse; freedom 
of Greece. G. 411, 427. 

c. War with Antiochus, 192-189 B. C.: causes; Thermopy-. 

lae, Magnesia; results. G. 428. 

(1) The Maceabreari revolt. G. 430. 

d. Third Macedonian War, 1 71-167 B. C. : Pydna; treat- 

ment of Macedon and Greece (Polybius). G. 420. 

e. Roman attitude toward the East; destruction of Cor- 

inth (146 B. C); Macedon a Roman province. 

G. 431-433- 
/. Asia added, 133 B. C. G. 434. 
g. Geography: Rome in the East, outline map 63. 



32 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



6. Roman Conquest or the Western Mediterranean. 

a. The overthrow of Carthage (Third Punic War), 149-146 

B.C.: Roman perfidy; destruction of Carthage; pro v- 
ince of Africa. G. 434. 

b. Conquest and Romanization of Spain. G. 434. 

7. The Roman World in 133 B. C. 

a. The provinces and the dependent states: provinces in 

133 B. C ; method of organization, — the governor, 
taxation, justice. G. 424, 435. 

b. Roman life in 133 B. C. G. 436. 

(1) Economic changes: disappearance of the peas- 

antry; provincial grain; growth of great estates. 
G. 437- 

(2) The new nobility : cursus honorum. G. 438, 450. 

(3) The equestrian order; the capitalists. G. 439. 

(4) Slavery and the Sicilian slave war (136-132 B.C.); 

freedmen. G. 440, 450. 

(5) Private life: the house; amusements; the theatre. 

G. 441-443- 

(6) Education: Greek influences. G. 444. 

(7) The beginnings of Roman literature. 

(a) Poetry: Andronicus (about 250 B. C), 
Naevius, Ennius, Plautus, Terence. G. 445. 

(b) Prose: Cato, Scaevola. G. 445. 

(8) Effect of foreign influences upon Roman art, lit- 

erature, religion, and morals: Hellenism, atti-; 
tude of Scipio Africanus, of Cato the Censor; 
decay of old standards: influence of eastern 
cults. G. 446-449. 

(9) New standards in public life. G. 450. 

c. Reading. Causes of the decline of the republic; Fowl- 

er, ch. V. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



33 



VI. DECLINE OF THE REPUBLIC, 133-27 B. C. 

a. Character of the period: political and economic defects; 
the burden of military service; the exodus to Rome; 
failure of popular government. G. 451-452, 437. 

The Gracchi, 133-121 B. C. 

a. Reforms of Tiberius, 133 B. C. G. 453. 

(1) The optimates and populares. G. 454. 

b. Reforms of Gaius, 123 B. C. G. 455-456. 

c. Results of the work of the Gracchi. G. 456. 

Rule of the Aristocracy Restored, 121-88 B. C. 

a. Nature of the civil strife. G. 457. 

b. War with Jugurtha (112-106 B. C.); appearance of 

Marius and Sulla. G. 457. 

c. Invasion of the Cimbri and Teutons: the campaigns 

(Arausio, Aquae Sextiae, Vercellse) ; the consulships of 
Marius and his military reforms. G. 458. 

d. Military leaders; Marius allies himself with the radicals, 

Saturninus and Glaucia; decline of Marius. G. 459. 

e. Attempts at reform by Drusus, 91 B. C. G. 460. 

/. The Social War, 91-88 B. C.: organization of the allies 
and their success; concessions to the allies. G. 460. 

Marius and Sulla, 88- 7 9 B. C. 

« 

a. The conflict between Marute*and Sull*, 88-86 B. C.: 

the Sulpician revolution (88 B. C.) ; victory of Sulla 
and flight of Marius; democratic reaction under 
Cinna and recall of Marius; tne reign of terror ; death 
of Marius. G. 462-463. 

b. Sulla and the First Mithridatic War, 88-S4 B. C.: ag- 

gressions of Mitnridates; revolt of Greece; victories 
of Sulla; treaty of peace. G. 461, 463. 

c. Return of Sulla and defeat of the democrats, 83-82 B. C. : 

battle of the Colline Gate; the proscriptions. G. 464. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 

d. The dictatorship of Sulla and Lhe Sullan constitution; 

results. G. 465-467. 

e. Reading. Fowler, ch. VI. 

Leadership of Pompey, 79-60 B. C. 

a. Events in Italy and Spain following the death of Sulla, 
79-72 B. C: attempt of Lepidus to overthrow work 
of Sulla; Sertorian War (Pompey). G. 468. 

b War of the Gladiators, 73-71 B. C: Spartacus. G. 467. 

c Consulship of Pompey and Crassus, 70 B. C. : overthow 
of the aristocratic government. G. 468. 

d Pompey conquers the pirates (Gabinian Law), 67 B. C. 
G. 467, 469, 472. 

e. Third Mithridatic War (Manilian Law), 74-63 B. C.: 
overthrow of Mithridates; reorganization of the East. 
G. 469, 472. 

/. The conspiracy of Catiline: consulship and orations 

of Cicero, 63 B. C. G. 471. 
g. Cato the Younger, Cicero, Caesar. Plate XXX, p. 550. 

G. 47°- 

Pompey and Caesar, 60-52 B. C. 

a. The First Triumvirate, 60 B. C. G. 473. 

b. The consulship of 59 B. C; Clodius; removal of Cicero 

and Cato. G. 473. 

c. The conference of Luca, 56 B. C. G. 473 474. 

d. Caesar's conquest of Gaul and its significance, 58 51 

B.C. G. 475- 

e. Death of Crassus at Carrhae (53 B. C); Pompey "sole 

consul" (52 B. C); dissolution of the Triumvirate. 
G. 473-474- 

The Struggle between Caesar and the Republicans 
Results in the Supremacy of Caesar, 52-44 B. C. 

a. Steps leading toward monarchy ; the monarchy of Caesar 
a benefit. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



35 



b. Shall Caesar resign his province? G. 476. 

c. The Civil War, 49-45 B. C: campaigns in Italy, Spain, 

Greece (Dyrrachium, Pharsalus); Zela, Thapsus, 
Munda. G. 476 477. 

d. The reforms of Csesar. G. 478. 

e. Character of Caesar; his assassination; place in history. 

G. 480. 

/. Literature of the first century: ("Ciceronian Age"): 
Caesar, Sallust, Nepos, Cicero; Lucretius and Catullus 
(poetry). G. 479- 

g. Geography: important places since 133 B. C, outline 

map 71. G. map p. 424. 

h. Reading. Fowler, ch. VII. 

7. From the Death of Caesar to the Battle of Actium, 
44-31 B. C. 

a. Flight of the conspirators; rise of Antony and Oc- 

tavius; attitude of Cicero ("Philippics"); "war 
of Mutina." G. 481-482. 

b. The Second Triumvirate, 43 B. C; murder of Cicero; 

war against the republican?. G. 482. 

c. The battle of Philippi (42 B. C); Octavius in the 

West, Antony East, Lepidus Africa. G. 482. 

d. Overthrow of Sextus Pompey, of Lepidus, and defeat 

of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (31 B. C.) 
made Octavius supreme. G. 482. 

VII. THE ROMAN WORLD: AUGUSTUS TO THEODOSIUS, 
27 B. C— 395 A. D. 

1. The Julian Caesars, 27 B. C. — 68 A. D. 

a. Augustus, 2.7 B. C. — 14 A. D. 

(1) Character of the new government: difficult posi- 
tion of Augustus; survivals of the republican 
constitution; senate; the prince ps; imperial 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



titles and powers; the succession. G. 483 484, 
499. 

(2) The administration of the provinces: the senato- 

rial and the imperial; allied states; the August- 
ales; taxation. G. 484-486, map p. 434. 

(3) The army and the frontiers (Teutoberg Forest). 

G. 486-487, 497, map p. 434- 

(a) Geography: the frontiers, outline map 71. 

(4) Finances. G. 486. 

(5) The administration of Rome and Italy. G. 486, 

488. 

(6) Religion and morals: attempt to revive Roman 

ideals; the worship of the emperor, birth of 
Christ. G. 489-490, 494-495. 

(7) Culture ("Augustan Age"). 

(a) Literature (Maecenas): history, — Livy; 
poetry, — Vergil, Horace, Ovid. G. 491, 495. 

(b) Art and public buildings (Agrippa) : Monu- 
mentum Ancyranum. G. 492-493, Plate 
XXXI, p. 550. Public improvements; the 
forum, Plate XXIX, p. 550. 

(8) Character and achievements of Augustus. G. 

498, 500. 

(9) Reading. Fowler, ch. VIII; Jones, selections. 
Tiberius, 14-37 A. D.: character; Germanicus, Se- 

janus; despotic measures; wise treatment of the 
provinces; the crucifixion of Christ. G. 501-502. 

Caligula, 37-41 A. D.: insane tyranny. G. 503. 

Claudius and Nero (the Claudian Csesars). 

(1) Claudius, 41-54 A. D.: manner of accession; char- 

acter; civitas extended; public works; conquest 
of southern Britain. G. 504. 

(2) Nero, 54-68 A. D. : a cruel despot; the great fire 

in Rome and the Christian persecution; St. 
Paul and St. Peter martyrs; Nero's death de- 
creed by the senate ; extinction of the Julian 
and of the Claudian family. G. 505-507, 528. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



37 



e The disputed succession, 68-69 A. D.: Galba, Otho, 
Vitellius; the legions arrogate the right of 
selecting the emperor. G. 508. 

2. The Flavian Caesars, 69-96 A. D. 

a. Political changes: reorganization of the senate; the 

succession. G. 512. 

b. Vespasian, 69-79 A. D.: character; rebellion in Judaea 

(destruction of Jerusalem, 70 A. D.); the Colos- 
seum. G. 509, 513, 519. Plate XXXII, p. 551. 

c. Titus, 79-81 A. D.: character; destruction of Pompeii 

and Herculaneum (Pliny the Elder). G. 510, Plate 
XXXIII, p. 552. 

d. Domitian, 81-96 A. D.: character; campaign of Agric- 

ola in Britain; wall between the Rhine and the 
Danube; Christians persecuted for faith. G. 

3. Society at the End or the First Century. 

a. Social classes. G. 514-515. 

b. Occupations. G. 516. 

c. Houses. G. 517. 

d. Luxury. G. 518. 

e. Amusements: the Colosseum; the circus; the bath. 

G. 519-520. 

f. Art and architecture. G. 521. 

g. " Silver Age of Literature. " 

(1) Philosophy and science: Seneca, Pliny the Elder. 

G. 522. 

(2) Poetry: Martial, Juvenal. G. 522, 541. 

(3) Rhetoric: Quintilian. G. 522. 

(4) History: Tacitus; Suetonius. G. 541. 

(5) Letters: Pliny the Younger. G. 543. 

(6) Greek writer: Plutarch. G. 542. 

h. Pagan morals and standards: the Stoics; paganism. 

G. 523-520. 



AX OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 

i. Rise of Christianity: the crucifixion; St. Paul; the first 
churches; reasons for persecutions. G. 527-528, 545. 
j. Life in the towns. Fowler, ch. IX; Jones, selections. 

"The Five Good Emperors." 96-180 A. D. G. 529, 536. 

a. Nerva, 96-98 A. D.: adopted Trajan. G. 530. 

b. Trajan, 98-1 1 7 A. D. : the first provincial emperor; char- 

acter; greatest extent of the empire; public works. 
G. 531, 538, 540. Plate XXV, p. 548. Plates 
XXXIV, XXXV, p. 552. 

( 1 ) Geography : Roman empire under Tra j an, outline 
map 73. 

c. Hadrian, 117-138 A. D.: character; civil service; his 

travels and their object; the frontiers ("wall of 
Hadrian"); the imperial council; "Perpetual 
Edict"; public works. G. 532, 537, 539-540. Plate 
XXIV, p. 547 Plate XXXVI, p. 552, Plate XXXVII, 
P- 553- 

d. The Antonines, 138-193 A. D. 

(1) x\ntoninus Pius, the " cheese-parer, " 138-161 

A. D.: humane legislation; jurisprudence 
("Institutes of Gaius"). G. 533. 

(2) Marcus Aurelius, 161-180 A. D.: character 

("Meditations"); Parthian War; Mar- 
comannic Wars; the plagues; persecution of 
the Christians. G. 534, 538, 544-545- 

(3) Commodus, 180-193 A. D.: unworthy son of 

Marcus. G. 535. 

(4) Reading : the Roman world under the Antonines. 

Fowler, ch. X; Jones, selections. 

The Soldier Emperors, 193-284 A. D. 

a. Age of the Severi. 

(1) Septimius Severus, 193-211 A. D.: centralization 
of power ; army supreme. G. 546. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 39 

(2) Caracalla, 211-217 A. D.: franchise extended; 

public baths; murdered. G. 547. 

(3) Alexander Severus: excellent; slain. G. 548. 

(4) The jurists: Prefects of the praetorians (Papini- 

an, Ulpian) administer justice; development 
of code of imperial law. G. 549-550. 

b. "Drifting into anarchy/' 235-270 A. D. 

(1) The Romans not soldiers. G. 551. 

(2) Franks, Alamanni, Goths, Arabs, Moors, enter 

the empire; re-establishmeni of Perisan empire 
under the Sassanids; the Thirty Tyrants; 
loss of culture of antiquity. G. 552-553. . 

c. Aurelian, 270-275 A. D. : Dacia lost; new wall; Zenobia, 

of Palmyra. G. 553. Plate XXXVII, p. 553. 

d. Probus, 276-282 A. D. G. 553. 

e. Religious changes. 

(1) "New Platonism"; Mithraism. G. 554. 

(2) Growth of Christian organization and art; 

Christian teachers. G. 555, Plate XXXVIII, 
P- 553- 

6. Absolute Monarchy, 284-395 A. D. 

a. Diocletian, 284-305 A. D.: character; Oriental absolu- 

tism; Augusti and Caesars; territorial reorganiza- 
tion; prefectures and dioceses; last Christian perse- 
cution; ruin of middle class. G. 556-561, map p. 
493- 

(1) Prefectures and dioceses, outline map 77. 

b. Strife over the succession. G. 562. 

c. Constantine, sole emperor, 323-337 A. D.: character; 

Edict of Milan (313 A. D.) and recognition of Chris- 
tianity; Council of Nicaea (325 A. D.); Constanti- 
nople. G. 563-565- Plate XXXIX, p. 553. 

d. From Constantine to the division of the empire, 337- 

395 A. D. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 

(1) Successors of Constantine; Julian the apostate. 

G. 566-567. 

(2) Victory of Christianity over paganism ; Arianism 

vs. Orthodoxy; edict of Theodosius; penance of 
Theodosius. G. 567-568. 

(3) Defeat and death of Valens at Adrianople (378 

A. D.) G. 570. 

(4) Theodosius and the division into an eastern and 

western empire (395 A. D.). G. 570. 

VIII. PERIOD OF TRANSITION, 395—800 A. D. 

Germanic Invasions. 

a. Teutonic tribes in fourth century. G. 569, map p. 505- 

b. Invasion of the Visigoths, 376-410 A. D.: settled in 

Dacia; Adrianople (378 A. D.); Stilicho; Alaric be- 
sieges and sacks Rome (410 A. D.). G. 570. 

c. Germanic conquest of Britain. G. 570. 

d. Invasion of the Huns, 378-453 A. D.: origin; Attila; 

Chalons (Aetius); Attila before Rome; end of 
Hunnish empire. G. 570. 

e. Invasion of the Vandals, 409-455 A. D.: in Spain, Afri- 

ca; Gaiseric sacks Rome (455 A. D.) Vandalism. 
G. 57o-57i- 

/. Dissolution of the Empire in the West, 476 A. D. 

(1) Weak emperors rule at Ravenna. G. 571. 

(2) Odovacar deposes Romulus Augustulus (Signifi- 

cance). G. 571. 

(3) Some reasons for the decline of Rome. 

The Romano- Germanic Kingdoms. 

a. The Visigothic. (The West Goths.) G. 570. 

b. The Ostrogothic. (The East Goths.) Theodoric "the 

Civilizer, " 493-526 A. D. : temporary union of Italy; 
the Germans adopt Roman civilization. G 572-573. 

c. Justinian I, Emperor in the East. 527-565 A. D. 

(1) Foreign policy: Belisarius and Narses; conquests 



AN OUTLINE OE GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 41 

of the Vandal?, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Avars, 
Persians. G. 574, map p. 508. 

(2) Internal policy: final codification of the law; 

public works (St. Sophia). G. 575-576. Plate 
XL, p. 554. 

(3) Europe in the time of Justinian, outline map 75. 

d. The danger from the Persians: Heraclius, 610-641 A. D. 

G. 577- 

e. The Lombard invasion of Italy, 568 A. D.: capital at 

Pavia; exarchate of Ravenna. G. 587. 
/. Mohammedanism: career of Mohammed; the Hegira 
(622 A. D.); religious teaching; Koran; extent of 
conquests; attack upon Europe (Tours, 732 A. D.); 
later history. G. 578-579, 582. 

g. The Franks and the Church. 

(1) The Merovingians: Clovis takes possession of 

northern Gaul (481 A. D.); conversion of 
Clovis and the Franks to Catholic Christianity 
(496 A. D.) ; "mayors of the palace " ; Charles 
Martel at Tours (732 A. D.). G. 580-582, 586. 

(2) The growth of the church: leaders (Chrysostom, 

Jerome, Augustine, Boniface); Arian heresy; 
temporal power; conversion of the barbarians; 
spiritual authority of Rome ; papacy of Leo I. 
G. 567, 583-586. 

(3) The Carolingian kings, Pippin, Charlemagne. 

(a) Pippin, king of the Franks, 751 A. D.: de- 
position of the last Merovingian; •'dona- 
tion of Pippin. " G. 586-587. 

(b) Charlemagne, 768-814 A. D.: character; 
conquests, especially of the Saxons and 
Lombards; extent of empire; relations to 
the papacy; Roman emperor, 800 A. D. 
(significance). G. 588-592, map p. 517. 

(c) Geography, Europe in the time of Charle- 
magne, outline map 89. 

h. Roman contributions to modern civilization. 



DIRECTIONS FOR MAP WORK 



IN 

'THE IVANHOE HISTORICAL NOTE BOOK" 

Copy directions exactly on blank page opposite map indicated. 
The words "red" and :i black" refer to the use of red and black 
ink. Rivers, including those not called for, but necessary to iden- 
tify a location, also lakes, islands, mountains, whicn do not appear 
on the map should be drawn in in black. 

MAP 3. ORIENTAL HISTORY 



on 



Based chiefly 
XXVII. 

Indicate the following: 
Water Systems (Red) Cities, etc 



Sanborn, maps II. III. VI. VII. XXIV 



Red.' 



Xile R. 
Red Sea 

Persian Gulf G.. p. 
Mediterranean Sea 
Tigris R. 
Euphrates R. 
Halys R. 



Cities, etc. (Red) 
Memphis 

Thebes (Luxor and 

Karnak) 

Sais 

Fayum G., p. 3 
Pyramids of Gizeh 
Babylon 



Xineveh 

Ur G., p. 3 

Sidon 

Tyrus 

Samaria 

Jerusalem 

Damascus 

Xippur G.j p. 3 

Agade G.. p. 60 

Ecbatana 

Susa 

Persepolis 
Lebanon Mts. 
Districts (Black) 
Upper Egypt 
Lower Egypt 



Districts (Black) 

Syria 

Assyria 

Chaldea (Kaldi G.. p. 3 
(Land of) Sumer, of Ac- 
cad. G., p. 3 
Elamites G.. p. 3 
Mesopotamia 
Mt. Sinai 
Kingdom of Israel 
P- 3 

Kingdom of Judah 
Lydia G.. p. 3 
Phoenicia 

Philistines G., p. 3 
Hittites G.. p. 3 
Media 
Scvthse 



Ethiopia 

Be prepared to indicate the extent (1) of the Early Babylonian 
empire; (2) of Egypt under the eighteenth dynasty; (3) of 
Assyria under Ashurbanipal ; (4) of the Persian empire under 
Darids I. Xote the chief divisions. G., p. 60. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 43 



MAP 9. EARLY GREECE 



Based on Sanborn, maps VIII, XIII. 
Cities in red, everything else in black. 



.Egean Sea 

Tiryns 

Mycenae 

Orchomenus (Draw Lake 
Copais and Cephisus R.) 

Argos 
Athens 
Cnossus 
Crete 



Ilium (Troy) 

Corinth 

Sicyon 

Sparta (Draw Eurotas R.) 



Megara 
Delphi 

Thebes (Bceotia) 
Smyrna 



Lesbos 

Chios 

Samos 

;Eolia 

Ithaca 

Cyclades 

Ionia 

Caria 

Doris 



MAP 11. GREEK COLONIES AND PARENT CITIES 

Based on Sanborn, maps VIII. XIII, XXVII,, XXIII, XXXIII 



Parent City Colony Parent City Colony 

(Black) ' (Red) (Black) (Red) 

Achaia Sybaris Dorians . . . Acragas 

Croton Cyrene 

Locris Ozolis. . . .Locri Miletus . . .Xaucratis, region of 

Chalcis Chalcidice Hellespont, Propontis, 

Cumae Bosporus, Black (Eux- 

Rhegium ine) Sea 

Xeapohs 

Sparta Tarentum Megara . . .Byzantium 

Corinth Syracuse Phocaea . . .Massilia 

Corcyra Cyprus 

Potidaea Magna Graecia 



Extend coast for Massilia and draw Rhone R. 
Be prepared to indicate the Phoenician areas of colonization as 
given in G., p. 89. Xote Citium, Utica, Carthage, Gades. 



44 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



MAP 17. THE STATES AND BOUNDARIES OF GREECE 

Based on Sanborn, maps VIII, XIII. Map XIII is best for 
most of- the work. 



Water Systems (Black) 


Mountains (Black 


Districts (Red) 


Corinthian, Saronic 


Cithaeron 


Corinthus 


Argolic, Laconian, Messe- 


Mt. Parnes 


Megaris 


nian gulfs 






Peneus R. (Thessaly) 


Mt. Hymettus 


Attica 


Achelous R. 


Parnon 


Eubcea 


Eurotas R. 


Taygetus 


Bceotia 


Alpheus R. 


Erymanthus 


Phocis 


Cephisus R. (Bceotia) 


Mt. Ithome 


Locris 


Lake Copais (Draw) 


Districts Red) 


Malis 




Laconia 


Doris 


Mountains (Black) 


Messene 


Locris Ozolis 


Cambimian 


Elis 


iEtolia 


Pindus 


Arcadia 


Acarnania 


Mt. Olympus 


Cynuria 


Ambracia 


Othrys 


Argolis 


Epirus 


Mt. Parnassus 


Achaia 


Thessalia 


Mt. Helicon 


Sicyon 





Label districts and draw boundaries in a broken red line. 



MAP 19. IONIC REVOLT AND PERSIAN INVASIONS 

Based on Sanborn, maps VIII, XIII and Rothert, map 5. 



Events cf 
Ionic Revolt 
499-494 B. C. 
(Red) 

Expedition of 
Mardonius, 
492 B. C. 
{Red) 



Sardis (draw Hermus R.) 
Ephesus (draw Cayster R.) 
Lade I. (Draw) 
Miletus (draw Maeander R.) 

Indicate route of fleet and army by a broken red 

line. 
Mt. Athos 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



45 



Expedition of 
Datis and 
Artaphernes 
490 B. C. 
(Red) 

Expedition of 
Xerxes, 480 
B. C. 

(Red) 

Campaign of 
479 B. C. 

(Red) 



Indicate route of fleet by a dotted red line 

Eretria 

Marathon 

[Paros] 

[Naxos] 

Indicate route of fleet and army by a continuous 

red line 
Tempe (draw Peneus R.) 
Thermopylae, Artemisium 
Delphi 

Athens, Salamis 

I Plataea 
I Mycale 



MAP 23. ATHENS IN THE AGE OF PERICLES 

Based on Sanborn, maps XHIa, XIV, Goodspeed, map, p. 147 
All places in red. 



Wall of Themistocles 

Long Walls (muri longi) 

Piraeus 

Phalerum 

Pnyx 

Lyceum 

Dipylon Gate 

Outer Ceramicus 

Roads to Academy, Eleusis, 

Phalerum 



Areopagus 
Agora 

Theseum G. p. 147, No. 14 

Acropolis 

Parthenon 

Theatre of Dionysus G. p. 147, 
No. 27 

Olympeum G. p. 147, No. 28 



Be prepared to draw a map of the Acropolis showing the Pro- 
pylaea, Temple of Wingless Victory, Athena the Defender, Par- 
thenon, Erechtheum, Odeum, Theatre of Dionysus. G., p. 147. 



46 AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



MAP 31. MISCELLANEOUS LIST 

Based on Sanborn, maps VIII, XIII, XV, VI. 



All places in red. 
Sigeum 

Thracian Chersonese 

Tegea 

/Egina 

Eleusis 

Dodona 

Olympia (Draw Alpheus R.) 

Nemea 

Delos (Draw) 



Mt. Pentelicus (Draw) 

Naxos 

Thasos 

Eurymedon R. (Extend 
coast and draw river) 
Mt. Ithome (462 B. C.) (Draw) 
Naupactus 

Thurii (Italy) (Extend coast) 
Tanagra (457 B. C.) 



Laurium (Laurius M.) (Draw) (Enophyta (457 B. C.) 



MAP 27. EVENTS (1) OF THIRTY YEARS WAR AND (2) 
OF SICILIAN HISTORY, 413-337 B. C. 



Based on Sanborn, maps VIII, XIII, XXIII. 
All in red. 



Thirty Years War. 

'Athens 415- 
Epidamnus 413 
Plataea (427 B. C.) B. C. 
Lesbos, Mytilene (427 B. C) 
431- Corcyra (427 B. C.) 
421 Pylos, Sphacteria (Draw) 
B. C. \ (425 B. C.) 413- 
I Delium (424 B. C.) 404 
I Amphipolis (422 B. C.) 
I (Draw Strymon R.) 
jMantinea (418 B. C.) 
Melos (Draw) 



Syracuse 

Segesta 

Decelea 



Chios (412 B. C.) 
Samos (411 B. C.) 
Cyzicus (410 B. C.) 
Notium (407 B. C.) 
Arginusae I. (406 B. C.) 

(Draw) 
^Egospotami (405 B. C.) 

(Draw) 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



47 



II. Sicily. Sanborn, map XXIII. 

Gelon and Hieron 



Syracuse 

Himera (480 B. C.) 
Cumae (474 B. C.) 



Dionysius I, 405-367 B. C. Shade in red the extent of his 
kingdom. In Italy it included Croton; in Sicily all east of 
Crimisus R. 
Crimisus R. 1 Timoleon 

(Draw) J 345-337 B. C. 

MAP 33. EVENTS 404-338 B. C. 

Based on Sanborn VIII, XIII. 
All in red. 

Phyle 1" The Thirty," 
Piraeus (404-403 B. C. 

Cunaxa (map 37) 
Cnidus (394 B. C.) 
Haliartus (395 B. C.) 

Clazomenae, Cyprus (map 37) 1 , . . , 

T T t. o > Treaty of Antalcidas, 387 B. C. 

Lemnos, Imbros, bcyros J 

Leuctra (371 B. C.) 
Megalopolis, Messene 
Mantinea (362 B. C.) 
Pherae (Thessaly) 



Delphi 

Mt. Pangaeus 

Pella 

Olynthus 

Chaeronea (338 B. C.) 



Philip II of Macedon 



Be prepared to indicate the growth of Philip's kingdom as 
shown in Rothert, map 10. 



48 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



MAP 37. EVENTS 338-146 B. C. 



Alexander 

the 

Great 

336-323 
B.C. 



Based on Sanborn, maps III, VI, VII, XIII, and Goodspeed, 
map, p. 234. 

Places in red. Boundaries not required. 

From map 33: 
Cunaxa (401 B. C.); Cyprus (387 B. C.) 

f Pella Indus R. 

GranicusR.(334B.C.)(Draw) Hydaspes R. (Draw) 
Halicarnassus 

Gordium Gedrosia 
Issus (333 B. C.) Babylon, Susa 

-jTyre (332 B. C.) Ecbatana, Persepolis 

Gaza Tigris R. 

Alexandria in Egypt(332B.C.)Euphrates R. 
Ammonium 
Arbela (331 B. C.) 
[Bactria 

Indicate the marches of Alexander by a continuous black line, 
the voyage of Nearchus by a broken black line. 
Ipsus (301 B. C.) Crannon 
Antiochia (Draw Orontes R.) Seleucia Rhodes 

(Tigris R.) Corinth (146 B. C.) 

Lamia (322 B. C.) 



MAP 39. DIVISION OF THE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER 
THE GREAT 

Based on Goodspeed, map, p. 234, and Rothert, map 12. 

Be prepared to show (1) the monarchies that arose out of the 
empire of Alexander directly after the battle of Ipsus; (2) the 
other important countries of that period. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



49 



MAP 45. EARLY LATIUM 



Based on Sanborn, map XVII. 

Water systems and towns in red, tribes and districts in black. 



Tribes and Districts. (Determine by rivers.) 

Etruria (Etruscans) 

Sabini 

iEqui 

Latini 

Hernici 

Volsci 

MAP 53. THE SAMNITE AND GREEK WARS 

Based on Sanborn, maps XVIII, XXIII. 

Towns and colonies in red, districts in black. 
Rome, Capua (343-341 B. C.) 



Water Systems 

Mare Superum (Adriatic Sea) 
Mare Inferum (Tuscan Sea) 
Tiber R. 
Anio R. 

Allia R. (390 B. C.) (Draw) 
Liris R. 



Veii (396 'B. C.) 



Towns, etc. 
Rome 

Sacred Mount 

(Mons Sacer, 494 B. C.) 

Alba Longa 

Ostia 



Second 
Samnite War, 
326-304 
B. C. 




Caudine Forks (321 B. C.) 
Fregellae, 2 (Draw Liris R.) 
Ciminian Forest (Citninius Saltus) 



Third 

Samnite War, 

298-290 

B.C. 



Sentinum (295 B. C.) (Umbria) 



50 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



War with 
Tarentum 
and Pyrrhus, 
281-272 
B. C. 



Organization 
of 

Italy 



Lacinium Pr. 

Tarentum 

Heraclea 

Asculum (Apulia) 
Beneventum 2 
Ostia, 1 Antium 

Tibur, (Draw Anio R.) Praeneste 

Caere 

Minturnae 1 
Ariminum 2 
Brundisium 2 
Venusia 2 (Apulia) 



Districts 



1 — Roman Colony. 

2 — Latin Colony. 

r Liguria 
Etruria 
Umbria 
Picenum 
Latium 
Campania 
Samnium 
Apulia 
Lucania 
^Bruttia 

MAP 57. ITALY IN 264 B. C. 

Be prepared to indicate: (a) the ager Romanus; (b) the Roman 
colonies; (c) the Latin colonies, (d) the Roman roads. See San- 
born, maps XVIII, XXIII. 

MAP 59. THE PUNIC WARS 

Provinces in black, everything else in red. Boundaries not re- 
quired. 

Provinces • 
~ , , Sardinia 
Goodspeed { ~ 

Corsica 

map, p . 47 y Cisalpine Gaul (not yet a province) 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



51 



First 



Messana 
Syracuse 



Sanborn, / 
map 29 ^ 



Numantia (133 B. C.) 



Punic War, Agrigentum 



264-241 
B. C. 

Sanborn, 
map 23 

Sanborn, 
map 18 

Second Punic War, 218-201 B.C. 



I Mylce (260 B. C.) 
-j Ecnomus (256 B. C.) 
I Panormus 
I Lilybaeum 
I Drepanum 

legates I. (241 B. C.) (Draw.) 
Latin colonies: Placentia, Cremona. 



Sanborn, 
map 31 



Sanborn, 
map 18 

Sanborn, 
map 23 



New Carthage (Carthago Nova) 

Saguntum, Iberus R. 

Pyrenees Mts. (Pyrenaei) (Draw.) 

Rhone (Rhodanus) R. 

Alps (Draw). 

Po (Padus) R. 

Ticinus, Trebia R. (218 B. C.) (Draw.; 
L. Trasimenus (217 B. C.) (Draw.) 
Rome 

Cannae, Aufidus R. (216 B. C.) (Draw.) 

Capua 

Tarentum 



G., p. 343 Draw Hannibal's march in a broken red line. 

Sanborn, 
map 18 

Sanborn, 
map 31 

Sanborn, 
map 31 



Metaurus R. (207 B. C.) (Draw). 

I 

{Carthage 
Zama (202 B. C.) (Zamaregia) 
Numidia (not yet a province) 

i Provinces : Spain 
Hither and Farther (Follow explanation at bottom 
of map). 



52 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



MAP 63. ROME IN THE EAST 

Provinces in black, the rest in red. 



The East in 201 B. C. 
See map 39. Add city 
of Pergamum 
(S., map 6). 



Sanborn, 
maps 7, 8 



13 



Provinces. 
Ulyricum 
Goodspeed, J Africa 

p. 476 Macedonia 
-Achaia 
G., p. 434, Asia. 
Cynoscephalae (2nd Maced. War, 200-197 B. C.) 
Thermopylae j War with Antiochus, 192-189 B. C. 
Magnesia [ (Draw Taurus M.) 
Pydna (3d Maced. War, 171-167 B. C.) 
Corinth (146 B. C.) 



MAP 71. EVENTS 133 B. C— 14 A. D. 

Provinces in black, the rest in red. Boundaries not required. 



Sanborn, map 32 



Narbo 



tt it 


31 . . . 


.Cirta (112-106 B. C.) 


it t 


it 


. Arausio 


(C a 


tc 


.Aquae Sextise (102 B. C.) 


a a 


a 


.Vercellae (101 B. C.) 


a a 


18 . . . 


.Corfinmm (91-88 B. C.) 


a a 


24 . . . 


Jerusalem (63 B. C.) (Hierosolyma) 


(c a 


31 . . . 


.Luca (56 B. C.) 


Cl u 


23 . . . 


.Puteoli 


CC Cl 


7 . . . 


.Tigranocerta 
'Alesia j 


Sanborn, map 32 
(Red) 


He ve ii . ^^g^jg con q Ues t f Gaul 
Nervn 






-Veneti J 



Sanborn, map 31, Gallia Narbonensis (120 B. C.) f Provinces 
Goodspeed, p. 476, Gallia Cisalpina (81 B. C.) {added 



G., p. 476 



[Bithynia and Pontus 
I Syria 

\ Cilicia (enlarged) and Cyprus 
(58 B. C.) 
Crete and Cyrenaica 



Formed after 
\Sd Mith. War, 
' 74-65 B. C. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



53 



Sanborn, map 6 

'•' 33 



3i 



Sanborn, map 7 



U g 

" 31 

" 24 

Sanborn, map 32 



Goodspeed, 
P- 434 



^gyptus 

,Mcesia 

Rhaetia 

Noricum 

Pannonia 



. Carrhae 

.Parthians (Regnum 

Parthorum) 
.Rubicon R. (Draw) [Civil War, 
.Dyrrachium 49~45 B. C. 

.Pharsalus 
.Thapsus (Africa) 
. Munda 

.Zela 
. Mutina 

.Phiiippi (42 B. C.) 
.Actium (31 B. C.) 
.Lugdunum (Lyons) 
.Bethlehem 

Teutoberg Forest (Saltus Teutoburgien- 
sis, 9 A. D.) 

] 

I Provinces 
1 added 
by 

Augustus 
J 



Be prepared to indicate (1) the senatorial provinces; (2) the 
imperial provinces (Three Gauls); (3) the allied states. Note 
Spain. See Goodspeed p. 434. 

MAP 73. EVENTS 14-180 A. D. 

Sanborn, map XXXIII. 

Provinces in black; boundaries not required. Additions previous 
to Claudius in red. Show the Three Gauls, Three Spains, and 
Germania Superior and Inferior. 

Britannia, Thrace 
Lycia, Mauretania 
- Dacia, Armenia 
Mesopotamia, Assyria, 
Arabia Petraea 



Goodspeed 
p. 476 



Added by Claudius 
Added by Trajan 



54 



AN OUTLINE 01 GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



Goodspeed, 
P. 476 



(1) Name the provinces of which the empire con- 
sisted under Trajan. 

(2) Indicate by a broken red line the outer boun- 
daries of the empire under Trajan. 



Complete Britain: show Hadrian's Wall {black . York »Ebor- 
acum) in red. 



MAP 75. EUROPE IN THE TIME OF JUSTINIAN, ABOUT 

565 A. D. 

Based on Goodspeed. p. 505. 508. 

Districts, kingdoms, etc.. in red. Boundaries not required. 
Represent the final settlements in red, original in black. 



Angles, Saxons. Jutes 
W. Gothic I Yisigothic) k. 
Suevian k 
Frankish k 
Burgundian k 



E. Gothic (Ostrogothic) k. 
Vandal k. 
Lombard k 

Roman Empire of the East (red) 
Shade in red additions made b}^ 
Justinian in Africa, Spain. Italy, 
Dalnia tia, Sicily. Sardinia, Cor- 
sica. Names in black. 



MAP 77. THE ROMAN EMPIRE DIVIDED INTO PRE- 
FECTURES AND DIOCESES 



Represent in red the prefectures, and in black the dioceses, 
Boundaries not required. See Goodspeed. p. 495. 



AN OUTLINE OF GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 



55 



MAP 89. EUROPE IN THE TIME OF CHARLEMAGNE; 
MISCELLANEOUS PLACES 



Goodspeed, f Palmyra (Sanborn map 3) Adrianople (378 A.D.) 

p. 517 \ Milan(Mediolanum)(3i3A.D.)Ravenna 

Black [Nicjea (325 A. D.) Chalons (451 A.D.) 

Tours (732 A. D.) 

\ (a) Locate in red the Roman Empire of the West 
(Carolingian Empire), identifying Francia, Italy, 
Neustria, Austria, Aquitania, Spanish Mark. 
Draw in black the limits of the empire. 
I (b) Locate in black the Saracen Empire, identify- 



Goodspeed, 
P- 5i7 



ing Emirate of Cordova, Caliphate of Bagdad. 
Draw in black the limits of the empire. 

(c) Locate the Roman Empire of the East in 
black and red, identifying Sicily, Sardinia, Athens, 
Constantinople, Nicomedia, Thessalonica (S. map 8) 



